213 research outputs found
On Bismut Flat Manifolds
In this paper, we give a classification of all compact Hermitian manifolds
with flat Bismut connection. We show that the torsion tensor of such a manifold
must be parallel, thus the universal cover of such a manifold is a Lie group
equipped with a bi-invariant metric and a compatible left invariant complex
structure. In particular, isosceles Hopf surfaces are the only Bismut flat
compact non-K\"ahler surfaces, while central Calabi-Eckmann threefolds are the
only simply-connected compact Bismut flat threefolds.Comment: In this 3rd version, we add a lemma on Hermitian surfaces with flat
Riemannian connection. References are updated and typos correcte
Results of the WMT19 metrics shared task: segment-level and strong MT systems pose big challenges
This paper presents the results of the WMT19 Metrics Shared Task. Participants were asked to score the outputs of the translations systems competing in the WMT19 News Translation Task with automatic metrics. 13 research groups submitted 24 metrics, 10 of which are reference-less "metrics" and constitute submissions to the joint task with WMT19 Quality Estimation Task, "QE as a Metric". In addition, we computed 11 baseline metrics, with 8 commonly applied baselines (BLEU, SentBLEU, NIST, WER, PER, TER, CDER, and chrF) and 3 reimplementations (chrF+, sacreBLEU-BLEU, and sacreBLEU-chrF). Metrics were evaluated on the system level, how well a given metric correlates with the WMT19 official manual ranking, and segment level, how well the metric correlates with human judgements of segment quality. This year, we use direct assessment (DA) as our only form of manual evaluation
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Correlating Interlayer Spacing and Separation Capability of Graphene Oxide Membranes in Organic Solvents.
Membranes synthesized by stacking two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) hold great promise for applications in organic solvent nanofiltration. However, the performance of a layer-stacked GO membrane in organic solvent nanofiltration can be significantly affected by its swelling and interlayer spacing, which have not been systematically characterized. In this study, the interlayer spacing of the layer-stacked GO membrane in different organic solvents was experimentally characterized by liquid-phase ellipsometry. To understand the swelling mechanism, the solubility parameters of GO were experimentally determined and used to mathematically predict the Hansen solubility distance between GO and solvents, which is found to be a good predictor for GO swelling and interlayer spacing. Solvents with a small solubility distance (e.g., dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) tend to cause significant GO swelling, resulting in an interlayer spacing of up to 2.7 nm. Solvents with a solubility distance larger than 9.5 (e.g., ethanol, acetone, hexane, and toluene) only cause minor swelling and are thus able to maintain an interlayer spacing of around 1 nm. Correspondingly, GO membranes in solvents with a large solubility distance exhibit good separation performance, for example, rejection of more than 90% of the small organic dye molecules (e.g., rhodamine B and methylene blue) in ethanol and acetone. Additionally, solvents with a large solubility distance result in a high slip velocity in GO channels and thus high solvent flux through the GO membrane. In summary, the GO membrane performs better in solvents that are unlike GO, i.e., solvents with large solubility distance
Manifolds with positive orthogonal Ricci curvature
In this paper we study the class of compact K\"ahler manifolds with positive
orthogonal Ricci curvature: . First we illustrate examples of
K\"ahler manifolds with on K\"ahler C-spaces, and construct ones
on certain projectivized vector bundles. These examples show the abundance of
K\"ahler manifolds which admit metrics of . Secondly we prove some
(algebraic) geometric consequences of the condition to illustrate
that the condition is also quite restrictive. Finally this last point is made
evident with a classification result in dimension three and a partial
classification in dimension four
Adapter Learning in Pretrained Feature Extractor for Continual Learning of Diseases
Currently intelligent diagnosis systems lack the ability of continually
learning to diagnose new diseases once deployed, under the condition of
preserving old disease knowledge. In particular, updating an intelligent
diagnosis system with training data of new diseases would cause catastrophic
forgetting of old disease knowledge. To address the catastrophic forgetting
issue, a novel adapter-based strategy is proposed to help effectively learn a
set of new diseases at each round (or task) of continual learning, without
changing the shared feature extractor. The learnable lightweight task-specific
adapter(s) can be flexibly designed (e.g., two convolutional layers) and then
added to the pretrained and fixed feature extractor. Together with a specially
designed task-specific head which absorbs all previously learned old diseases
as a single 'out-of-distribution' category, task-specific adapter(s) can help
the pretrained feature extractor more effectively extract discriminative
features between diseases. In addition, a simple yet effective fine-tuning is
applied to collaboratively fine-tune multiple task-specific heads such that
outputs from different heads are comparable and consequently the appropriate
classifier head can be more accurately selected during model inference.
Extensive empirical evaluations on three image datasets demonstrate the
superior performance of the proposed method in continual learning of new
diseases. The source code will be released publicly.Comment: 10 page
Quantitative and functional post-translational modification proteomics reveals that TREPH1 plays a role in plant thigmomorphogenesis
Plants can sense both intracellular and extracellular mechanical forces and
can respond through morphological changes. The signaling components responsible
for mechanotransduction of the touch response are largely unknown. Here, we
performed a high-throughput SILIA (stable isotope labeling in
Arabidopsis)-based quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to profile changes
in protein phosphorylation resulting from 40 seconds of force stimulation in
Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 24 touch-responsive phosphopeptides identified,
many were derived from kinases, phosphatases, cytoskeleton proteins, membrane
proteins and ion transporters. TOUCH-REGULATED PHOSPHOPROTEIN1 (TREPH1) and MAP
KINASE KINASE 2 (MKK2) and/or MKK1 became rapidly phosphorylated in
touch-stimulated plants. Both TREPH1 and MKK2 are required for touch-induced
delayed flowering, a major component of thigmomorphogenesis. The treph1-1 and
mkk2 mutants also exhibited defects in touch-inducible gene expression. A
non-phosphorylatable site-specific isoform of TREPH1 (S625A) failed to restore
touch-induced flowering delay of treph1-1, indicating the necessity of S625 for
TREPH1 function and providing evidence consistent with the possible functional
relevance of the touch-regulated TREPH1 phosphorylation. Bioinformatic analysis
and biochemical subcellular fractionation of TREPH1 protein indicate that it is
a soluble protein. Altogether, these findings identify new protein players in
Arabidopsis thigmomorphogenesis regulation, suggesting that protein
phosphorylation may play a critical role in plant force responses
Polyamine Function in Plants: Metabolism, Regulation on Development, and Roles in Abiotic Stress Responses
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases containing two or more amino groups. They are produced by organisms during metabolism and are present in almost all cells. Because they play important roles in diverse plant growth and developmental processes and in environmental stress responses, they are considered as a new kind of plant biostimulant. With the development of molecular biotechnology techniques, there is increasing evidence that PAs, whether applied exogenously or produced endogenously via genetic engineering, can positively affect plant growth, productivity, and stress tolerance. However, it is still not fully understood how PAs regulate plant growth and stress responses. In this review, we attempt to cover these information gaps and provide a comprehensive and critical assessment of the published literature on the relationships between PAs and plant flowering, embryo development, senescence, and responses to several (mainly abiotic) stresses. The aim of this review is to summarize how PAs improve plants' productivity, and to provide a basis for future research on the mechanism of action of PAs in plant growth and development. Future perspectives for PA research are also suggested
ADGym: Design Choices for Deep Anomaly Detection
Deep learning (DL) techniques have recently found success in anomaly
detection (AD) across various fields such as finance, medical services, and
cloud computing. However, most of the current research tends to view deep AD
algorithms as a whole, without dissecting the contributions of individual
design choices like loss functions and network architectures. This view tends
to diminish the value of preliminary steps like data preprocessing, as more
attention is given to newly designed loss functions, network architectures, and
learning paradigms. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap by asking two key
questions: (i) Which design choices in deep AD methods are crucial for
detecting anomalies? (ii) How can we automatically select the optimal design
choices for a given AD dataset, instead of relying on generic, pre-existing
solutions? To address these questions, we introduce ADGym, a platform
specifically crafted for comprehensive evaluation and automatic selection of AD
design elements in deep methods. Our extensive experiments reveal that relying
solely on existing leading methods is not sufficient. In contrast, models
developed using ADGym significantly surpass current state-of-the-art
techniques.Comment: NeurIPS 2023. The first three authors contribute equally. Code
available at https://github.com/Minqi824/ADGy
Timing Specific Requirement of microRNA Function is Essential for Embryonic and Postnatal Hippocampal Development
The adult hippocampus consists of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions and is essential for learning and memory functions. During embryonic development, hippocampal neurons are derived from hippocampal neuroepithelial cells and dentate granular progenitors. The molecular mechanisms that control hippocampal progenitor proliferation and differentiation are not well understood. Here we show that noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for early hippocampal development in mice. Conditionally ablating the RNAase III enzyme Dicer at different embryonic time points utilizing three Cre mouse lines causes abnormal hippocampal morphology and affects the number of hippocampal progenitors due to altered proliferation and increased apoptosis. Lack of miRNAs at earlier stages causes early differentiation of hippocampal neurons, in particular in the CA1 and DG regions. Lack of miRNAs at a later stage specifically affects neuronal production in the CA3 region. Our results reveal a timing requirement of miRNAs for the formation of specific hippocampal regions, with the CA1 and DG developmentally hindered by an early loss of miRNAs and the CA3 region to a late loss of miRNAs. Collectively, our studies indicate the importance of the Dicer-mediated miRNA pathway in hippocampal development and functions
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